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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

SAGE detects microRNA precursors.

Xijin Ge¹, Qingfa Wu, San Ming Wang

¹Center for Functional Genomics, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, ENH Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. xge@northwestern.edu

|November 9, 2006

Summary

This study used long serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) in embryonic tissues. The findings confirm expression of known miRNAs and suggest new ones, aiding in understanding gene regulation.

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
Many miRNAs are predicted due to conserved sequences and hairpin structures.
Experimental validation of miRNA expression is challenging due to tissue and developmental specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify known and predicted microRNAs (miRNAs) in mammalian embryonic tissues using long serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE).
To investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs in embryonic stem cells.
To explore potential novel miRNA discoveries and homologs.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 29 human and 230 mouse longSAGE libraries.
Comparison of SAGE tags with known and predicted miRNA precursor sequences.
Identification of specific SAGE tags matching miRNA clusters and potential homologs.

Main Results:

Expression of 22 known and 10 predicted mammalian miRNAs was detected, primarily in embryonic tissues.
Four SAGE tags from human embryonic stem cells specifically matched the mir-302a, b, c&d cluster.
LongSAGE data indicated a potential mouse homolog for human and rat mir-493.

Conclusions:

Orphan longSAGE tags matching miRNA precursors provide valuable data on miRNA expression.
This study confirms expression of known miRNAs and suggests novel candidates in embryonic development.
The findings contribute to understanding miRNA roles in gene regulation during development.