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Related Experiment Videos

Extraesophageal reflux in children.

Linda Brodsky1, Michele M Carr

  • 1State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA. lbrodsky@kaleidahealth.org

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|November 14, 2006
PubMed
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Extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD) in children presents variably and requires tailored management. Newer diagnostics and therapies are emerging, but challenges in standardization persist for this distinct condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Digestive Diseases

Background:

  • Extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD) is distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), sharing etiology but differing in mucosal damage extent and location.
  • EERD in children presents with diverse symptoms and signs, varying by age and disease severity, with long-term effects manifesting early in childhood.
  • Emerging understanding includes the roles of pepsin, bile acids, pancreatic enzymes, motility disorders, and food allergies in EERD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the incidence, diagnosis, management, and long-term consequences of EERD in pediatric populations.
  • To contextualize recent advancements in understanding and treating EERD in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and concepts regarding pediatric EERD.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities and therapeutic interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • EERD is characterized by varied presentations and lacks a definitive diagnostic test.
    • Newer diagnostic tools include multichannel intraluminal pH/impedance, 48-hour Bravo pH monitoring, and hypopharyngeal pH monitoring.
    • Proton pump inhibitors offer acid suppression, but treatment variability and alkaline reflux necessitate additional interventions.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric EERD presents heterogeneously, with no universally accepted gold standard diagnostic test.
    • Primary management involves lifestyle adjustments, feeding modifications, and medical therapy.
    • Standardization of ongoing monitoring for recurrence and therapy duration remains a significant clinical challenge.