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Related Concept Videos

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
A pair of electrons in a...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering
05:52

Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

Published on: January 11, 2018

Fluorescence blinking statistics from CdSe core and core/shell nanorods.

Siying Wang1, Claudia Querner, Thomas Emmons

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 17, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Fluorescence blinking in cadmium selenide nanorods (NRs) follows power laws, with crossover time independent of surface passivation. Blinking behavior is linked to NR aspect ratio and quantum confinement effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Fluorescence blinking is a common phenomenon in semiconductor nanocrystals.
  • Understanding blinking statistics is crucial for applications in quantum information and imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fluorescence blinking statistics of single cadmium selenide nanorods (CdSe NRs) of varying sizes and aspect ratios.
  • To compare blinking behavior in nanorods with spherical nanocrystals (NCs).
  • To determine the influence of surface passivation and quantum confinement on blinking dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy was used to measure blinking statistics.
  • Analysis of off-time and on-time probability distributions.
  • Systematic variation of nanorod size, aspect ratio, core/shell structure, and surface ligands.

Main Results:

  • Off-time distributions followed a power law, while on-time distributions followed a truncated power law for both NRs and NCs.
  • Crossover time (tau(c)) was independent of surface passivation for CdSe NRs of the same core size.
  • 1/tau(c) increased linearly with NR aspect ratio and gradually with excitation intensity.
  • Differences in absorption cross-section and quantum confinement contributed to the aspect ratio dependence of tau(c).

Conclusions:

  • Surface passivation does not significantly alter fluorescence blinking statistics in CdSe NRs.
  • Nanorod aspect ratio and quantum confinement are key factors influencing blinking dynamics.
  • The findings provide insights into the photophysics of low-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials.