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Interpreting cancer trends.

Elizabeth M Ward1, Michael J Thun, Lindsay M Hannan

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, USA. elizabeth.ward@cancer.org

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|November 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Cancer incidence trends show a slowdown since the early 1990s. While overall cancer mortality is decreasing, specific cancer sites like prostate and breast cancer show increasing incidence rates.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Interpreting cancer incidence trends is complex due to various factors including screening, diagnostic changes, and reporting completeness.
  • Cancer registries provide valuable data for analyzing long-term disease patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cancer incidence and mortality trends across numerous cancer sites in the U.S. from 1975 to 2002.
  • To identify specific cancer sites with increasing or decreasing incidence and mortality rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized join-point analysis on data from the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries.
  • Examined trends for 56 different cancer sites and subsites.
  • Analyzed data covering the period from 1975 to 2002.

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Main Results:

  • Overall cancer incidence increase observed since the mid-1970s has slowed since the early 1990s.
  • Increasing incidence rates were noted for melanoma, prostate, kidney, and esophageal cancers in men.
  • In women, incidence is rising for leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, breast, thyroid, urinary bladder, and kidney cancers.
  • Childhood cancer incidence increased by 0.6% annually from 1975-2002.
  • Cancer mortality rates have declined for both men and women since 1991, with decreases in most common cancer sites.

Conclusions:

  • The overall acceleration in cancer incidence has moderated.
  • Despite declining mortality for many cancers, specific sites show concerning increases in incidence.
  • Observed trends in the U.S. are consistent with those reported in other industrialized nations.