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Basic processes in reading: can functional phonological recoding be blocked?

Roy Ferguson1, Derek Besner

  • 1University of Waterloo. ra2fergu@watarts.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|December 1, 2006
PubMed
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This study challenges the idea that reading aloud is always necessary for understanding words. Visual word recognition can occur without phonological processing, especially when attention is directed elsewhere.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience of Language

Background:

  • A prevailing theory suggests phonological processing is automatic and essential for lexical access from print.
  • This view posits that phonological encoding cannot be bypassed during visual word recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether phonological processing is a mandatory step in lexical access.
  • To determine if phonological processing can be prevented or interrupted.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a priming paradigm with lexical decision tasks.
  • Experiment 1: Assessed repetition priming for pseudohomophones and morphologically related words.
  • Experiment 2: Introduced a letter search task before the lexical decision to disrupt phonological processing.

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Main Results:

  • Repetition priming was observed for both pseudohomophone-word and morphologically related word pairs in Experiment 1.
  • Phonological priming from pseudohomophones was eliminated when participants performed a letter search task prior to lexical decision in Experiment 2.
  • Morphological priming remained unaffected by the letter search task.

Conclusions:

  • Findings contradict the necessity of preliminary phonological processing for lexical access.
  • Demonstrates that phonological processing during visual word recognition can be blocked.
  • Suggests skilled readers can achieve lexical access via orthographic processing alone.
  • Supports the existence of multiple processing stages in visual word recognition where processing can be halted.