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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

A Planarian Motility Assay to Gauge the Biomodulating Properties of Natural Products
Published on: May 30, 2020
Nonlinear isobologram and superadditive withdrawal from cocaine: cannabinoid combinations in planarians
Robert B Raffa1, Gregory W Stagliano, Ronald J Tallarida
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. robert.raffa@temple.edu
Abstract:
Elucidation of interactions between drugs used in polydrug abuse is especially important. However, the necessary experimental conditions for precise quantitative analysis are difficult to establish. Because withdrawal effects of cocaine and the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55212-2 are easily quantified in planarians, demonstration of synergistic effects (P<0.01) of certain ratios of this combination was possible. This synergy, here analyzed with the latest (nonlinear) isobolographic methodology, is now quantitatively established for the first time.
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