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Myopathy associated with gluten sensitivity.

Marios Hadjivassiliou1, Arup K Chattopadhyay, Richard A Grünewald

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK. m.hadjivassiliou@sheffield.ac.uk

Muscle & Nerve
|December 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Gluten sensitivity can cause myopathy, a muscle disorder, alongside common neurological issues. A gluten-free diet shows promise in treating this immune-related condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Ataxia and peripheral neuropathy are well-known neurological effects of gluten sensitivity.
  • Myopathy is a less common, poorly understood neurological manifestation linked to gluten sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gluten sensitivity as a cause of myopathy.
  • To characterize the clinical and pathological features of gluten-sensitive myopathy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 13 patients with myopathy and diagnosed gluten sensitivity.
  • Clinical assessment, neurophysiological studies, and neuropathological examination.
  • Evaluation of treatment responses to a gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy.

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Main Results:

  • Mean age of onset for myopathic symptoms was 54 years.
  • Neurophysiological evidence of myopathy was present in 10 patients.
  • Inflammatory myopathy was the most common neuropathological finding.
  • Improvement was observed in 5 of 6 patients on immunosuppressive therapy plus a gluten-free diet.
  • Four of seven patients improved with a gluten-free diet alone.
  • One patient refusing a gluten-free diet experienced disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Myopathy can be a manifestation of gluten sensitivity, likely with an immune-mediated basis.
  • A gluten-free diet may be an effective treatment for gluten-sensitive myopathy.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal management is warranted.