Recombination between satellite and genomic RNAs of turnip crinkle virus

New recombinant molecules formed from satellite and genomic RNAs of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) have been characterized. Known collectively as sat-RNA CX, these molecules are composed of a nearly full-length segment of a previously characterized TCV satellite RNA (sat-RNA D) at the 5' end joined to variable lengths of TCV genomic RNA 3' terminal sequence. Sat-RNA CX molecules fall into two classes: molecules of 420 to 435 bases and larger species of 501 to 506 bases. The TCV sequence at the junction of the larger molecules is purine-rich and is similar to a motif found at the 5' ends of the TCV satellite RNAs and at the junctions of some TCV defective interfering RNAs. The TCV sequence at the junction of the smaller sat-RNA CX molecules is pyrimidine-rich and is similar to the sequence at the right side of a junction of one TCV defective interfering RNA as well as sequence immediately downstream of the internal initiation site of the 1.45-kb TCV subgenomic RNA. We propose that the latter motif is another putative signal recognized by the viral replicase during the generation of defective interfering and recombinant RNAs in the TCV system.