Hepatitis C virus and liver transplantation

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Transplantation Immunology
• Virology

Background:

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver failure necessitating liver transplantation.
• A significant gap exists between the demand for liver transplants and organ availability.
• HCV recurrence post-transplant is nearly universal without pre-transplant viral eradication, leading to worse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature on managing Hepatitis C virus in liver transplant candidates and recipients.
• To discuss evaluation, peritransplant antiviral strategies, immunosuppression, and treatment of recurrent HCV.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on liver transplantation for HCV.
• Analysis of antiviral therapies used peri-transplant.
• Examination of immunosuppressive regimens and management of recurrent HCV.

Main Results:

• HCV recurrence significantly compromises graft and patient survival after liver transplantation.
• Various antiviral therapies are available for pre- and post-transplant use.
• Optimizing immunosuppression and managing recurrent infection are critical for improving outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of HCV before and after liver transplantation is crucial.
• Further research is needed to optimize antiviral and immunosuppressive strategies.
• Addressing the challenges of HCV recurrence can improve long-term liver transplant success.