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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
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Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Gene expression profiling toward understanding of ALS pathogenesis.

Fumiaki Tanaka1, Jun-Ichi Niwa, Shinsuke Ishigaki

  • 1Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. sobueg@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are investigating genes linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron disease. New technologies are being used to identify critical genes for sporadic ALS (SALS) and develop relevant disease models.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motor neuron degeneration, with mechanisms remaining elusive for over 130 years.
  • While familial ALS (FALS) has seen progress with the identification of SOD1 mutations and mouse models, sporadic ALS (SALS) lacks identified causative genes and disease models.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of SALS is crucial due to its higher prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes causative or critical for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS).
  • To establish effective disease models for SALS.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving motor neuron degeneration in ALS.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling of tissues primarily affected by ALS.
  • Utilizing advanced technologies including cDNA microarray, molecular indexing, and laser capture microdissection.
  • Screening and analysis of a large number of genes identified through these methods.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous genes of potential interest for ALS research.
  • The study has generated a substantial list of candidate genes requiring further investigation.
  • The research is at an early stage, with many identified genes needing functional validation.

Conclusions:

  • New technologies offer promising avenues for identifying ALS-related genes.
  • Significant challenges remain in pinpointing causative genes for SALS and developing accurate disease models.
  • Further research is essential to determine the role of identified genes and advance SALS therapeutics.