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Circumcision and HIV transmission.

Thomas C Quinn1

  • 1National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. tquinn@jhmi.edu

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|January 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men by 60%, according to a South African trial. This public health intervention shows promise for HIV prevention globally.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology

Background:

  • Male circumcision is increasingly recognized for its potential role in HIV prevention.
  • Previous ecological and epidemiological studies suggested a protective effect, but robust clinical trial data were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific literature on the impact of male circumcision on the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature, including a pivotal randomized clinical trial conducted in South Africa.
  • Analysis of supporting ecological, epidemiological, and biological studies.

Main Results:

  • A South African randomized clinical trial demonstrated a 60% reduction in HIV acquisition among circumcised men.

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  • Findings align with ecological and epidemiological studies showing 50-70% protection in high-risk populations.
  • Biological evidence indicates increased HIV receptor cells in the foreskin mucosa, explaining higher susceptibility in uncircumcised males.

    • Conclusions:

    • Male circumcision is a potential public health tool for preventing HIV acquisition.
    • Further trials in Kenya and Uganda are anticipated.
    • Successful implementation requires integration into existing prevention programs, focusing on surgical training, safety, and cultural acceptance.