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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Introduction to Developmental Psychology01:27

Introduction to Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or inconsistent. For...

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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

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Published on: September 19, 2019

Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries.

Sally Grantham-McGregor1, Yin Bun Cheung, Santiago Cueto

  • 1Centre for International Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK. s.mcgregor@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|January 9, 2007
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Over 200 million young children in developing nations face developmental risks due to poverty and malnutrition. Addressing these issues is crucial to prevent intergenerational poverty cycles.

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Area of Science:

  • Global child development
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Poverty and health

Background:

  • Children under 5 in developing countries face numerous risks impacting development.
  • Limited data exists on young child development in these regions.
  • Early childhood stunting and absolute poverty are key indicators of developmental deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the number of children under 5 not reaching their developmental potential.
  • To identify geographic hotspots of child developmental disadvantage.
  • To highlight the link between early disadvantage and intergenerational poverty.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized global data on early childhood stunting prevalence.
  • Incorporated data on the number of people living in absolute poverty.
  • Correlated these indicators with cognitive and educational performance.

Main Results:

  • Early childhood stunting and poverty are strongly associated with poor cognitive and educational outcomes.
  • An estimated 200 million children under 5 are not fulfilling their developmental potential.
  • The majority of these children reside in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood stunting and poverty are critical indicators of developmental potential not being met.
  • Disadvantaged children face long-term consequences, including poor educational attainment and low income.
  • Early interventions are essential to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty.