Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2026
05:21
A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
Published on: August 14, 2019
[Influenza in Poland in 2004].
Mirosław P Czarkowski1, Magdalena K Machała, Lidia B Brydak
1Zakład Epidemiologii Pańistwowego Zakładu Higieny, Warszawa. mpc@pzh.gov.pl
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|January 26, 2007
Summary
In 2004, Poland recorded over 336,000 influenza cases, with children under 15 most affected. Influenza caused 27 deaths, primarily in individuals over 70.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology of infectious diseases.
- Virology and public health surveillance.
Context:
- Poland experienced a significant influenza burden in 2004, with a national incidence of 882.4 per 100,000 population.
- Regional variations in incidence were notable, ranging from 226.2 in Podlaskie to 2,122.3 in Mazowieckie.
- Children and adolescents under 15 represented 30.5% of cases, highlighting their vulnerability.
Purpose:
- To report the epidemiological characteristics of influenza and influenza-like illness in Poland during 2004.
- To detail the age-specific and regional incidence of influenza.
- To document hospital admissions, mortality, and viral strains identified during the 2003/2004 epidemic season.
Summary:
- A total of 336,919 influenza cases were registered in Poland in 2004.
- Hospitalization was required for 0.31% of cases, and 27 deaths were attributed to influenza, predominantly in the elderly (over 70 years).
- Six strains of influenza A/H3N2 were isolated and found to be antigenically similar to A/Panama/2007/99 and A/Korea/770/02.
Impact:
- Provides crucial data for public health interventions and influenza preparedness in Poland.
- Informs vaccination strategies by characterizing circulating influenza strains.
- Contributes to the understanding of influenza epidemiology and its impact on different age groups.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Influenza
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
01:17Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
01:51Vaccinations
Overview
01:28Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
01:24Plague
Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...
01:30Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...