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Retained foreign bodies after surgery
Amy E Lincourt1, Andrew Harrell, Joseph Cristiano
1Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28203, USA.
Background:
Medical errors during surgery are not well studied. To define risk factors associated with this type of error, we performed a case control analysis.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed medical records involving the ICD-9 code (998.4) for unintentional foreign object remaining in the body during surgery and incident reports gathered by the Department of Risk Management over a 10 year period from 1996 to 2005. Thirty cases were matched with at least four randomly selected controls (131 control patients) that underwent the same type of operation during the same time period.
Results:
Thirty patients had retained foreign objects (52% sponges and 43% instruments). The abdominal cavity was most commonly involved (46%) followed by the thoracic cavity (23%) although no body cavity remained uninvolved. Eight patients required readmission (30%), 25 patients required reoperation (83%), and there was no mortality. When compared with controls, patients with retained foreign objects were more likely to have had a greater number of major surgical procedures at the same time (2.7 versus 1.8, P=0.004), to have multiple surgical teams (13% versus 2%, P=0.02), and more likely to have had an incorrect instrument/sponge count recorded (13% versus 2%, P=0.01). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with a significantly higher risk of retained foreign objects were the total number of major procedures performed [odds ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.3; P=0.008] and an incorrect count (odds ratio 16.2; 95% CI, 1.3-197.8; P=0.02).
Conclusion:
Retained foreign objects after surgery are associated with multiple major surgical procedures being performed at the same time and an incorrect instrument or sponge count. Identification of these risk factors using case-control analysis should influence operating room policy and reduce these types of errors.
Insights
Retained foreign objects after surgery, such as sponges or instruments, are linked to multiple procedures and incorrect counts. Identifying these risk factors can improve operating room policies and reduce surgical errors.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Safety
- Medical Error Analysis
- Patient Outcomes
Background:
- Medical errors during surgery are understudied.
- Risk factors for retained surgical foreign objects require definition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define risk factors associated with retained foreign objects after surgery.
- To utilize a case-control analysis to identify these factors.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of medical records (ICD-9 code 998.4) and incident reports from 1996-2005.
- Matched 30 cases of retained foreign objects with 131 control patients undergoing similar procedures.
- Analyzed data for associations between patient characteristics, surgical factors, and retained objects.
Main Results:
- Retained foreign objects occurred in 30 patients, most commonly sponges (52%) and instruments (43%), often in the abdominal cavity (46%).
- Patients with retained objects had more concurrent major procedures (2.7 vs. 1.8) and multiple surgical teams (13% vs. 2%).
- Incorrect instrument/sponge counts (13% vs. 2%) and total major procedures (OR 1.6) and incorrect counts (OR 16.2) were significant risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Retained foreign objects are associated with performing multiple major surgical procedures simultaneously.
- Incorrect instrument or sponge counts are a significant predictor of retained foreign objects.
- Case-control analysis identifying these risk factors can inform operating room policies to reduce surgical errors.
