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Search for superfluidity in solid hydrogen.

A C Clark1, X Lin, M H W Chan

  • 1Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. acc172@psu.edu

Physical Review Letters
|February 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers investigated solid para-hydrogen for superfluidity, observing a phase transition above 60 mK. This transition, unlike in solid helium-4, is linked to ortho-hydrogen impurities, not superflow.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum solids
  • Low-temperature physics

Background:

  • Solid para-hydrogen is a quantum solid with potential for exotic phases.
  • Superfluidity in quantum solids is a key area of condensed matter research.
  • Previous studies have explored superfluidity in solid helium isotopes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the low-temperature properties of solid para-hydrogen.
  • To search for evidence of superfluidity in solid para-hydrogen.
  • To understand the nature of observed phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a torsional oscillator to study solid para-hydrogen.
  • Performed measurements down to millikelvin temperatures (20 mK).
  • Analyzed resonant period and relaxation times as indicators of phase transitions.

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Main Results:

  • Observed a distinct phase transition in solid para-hydrogen above 60 mK.
  • Noted an abrupt increase in the resonant period of oscillation.
  • Detected extremely long relaxation times associated with the transition.
  • Ruled out irrotational superflow as the cause, contrasting with solid 4He.

Conclusions:

  • The observed phase transition is not due to superfluidity in the manner of solid 4He.
  • The phenomenon is likely related to the dynamics of residual ortho-hydrogen impurities.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of impurities in quantum solids.