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Related Experiment Videos

Malakoplakia outside the urinary tract.

George M Yousef1, Bibi Naghibi, Mowafak M Hamodat

  • 1Eastern Health Discipline of Pathology, 300 Prince Philip Dr, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6. gyousef@mtsinai.on.ca

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|February 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous disease typically affecting the urinary tract but also found in other organs. Awareness of its varied presentations is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, especially differentiating it from malignancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Rare Diseases
  • Granulomatous Inflammation

Background:

  • Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous disease.
  • It commonly affects the urinary tract but can occur in other organs.
  • Histological hallmarks include Hansemann cells and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review reported extra-urinary sites of malakoplakia.
  • Describe variable clinical presentations.
  • Discuss diagnostic features, differential diagnoses, pathogenesis, and etiologic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies.
  • Inclusion of data from textbooks and internet resources.

Main Results:

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  • Malakoplakia has been reported in the gastrointestinal tract, CNS, female genital tract, and tongue.
  • Clinical presentations are variable.
  • Histological findings are pathognomonic but not always necessary for diagnosis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Awareness of extra-urinary malakoplakia is important.
    • It can mimic malignancy, leading to potential overstaging.
    • Differential diagnosis should consider co-existing conditions like tuberculosis and carcinoma.