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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Murine Surgical Model of Topical Elastase Induced Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
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Published on: August 24, 2019

Proteinase systems and thoracic aortic aneurysm progression.

John R Barbour1, Francis G Spinale, John S Ikonomidis

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|February 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) involve increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the aorta. Understanding MMP/TIMP balance may lead to better TAA treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Aortic Disease Research

Background:

  • Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are rare but life-threatening vascular conditions.
  • Current surgical treatments for TAAs carry significant patient risks.
  • Understanding TAA cellular mechanisms may reveal less invasive treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural changes in normal and aneurysmal thoracic aortas.
  • To contextualize findings on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis in TAA development.
  • To integrate basic and clinical research on thoracic aorta proteolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TAA pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolytic systems.
  • Examination of the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors (TIMPs).

Main Results:

  • Increased abundance and activity of ECM proteolytic systems, particularly MMPs, are linked to TAAs.
  • A potential imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs favors proteolysis in aneurysmal aortas.
  • ECM degradation leads to medial layer structural remodeling and aortic wall weakening.

Conclusions:

  • Proteolysis plays a critical role in thoracic aortic aneurysm formation and progression.
  • Further research integrating molecular and clinical findings can improve TAA diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Targeting MMP/TIMP pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for TAAs.