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Updated: Jul 17, 2026
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Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
Published on: October 18, 2024
Relationship between habitual refractive errors and headache complaints in schoolchildren.
Theo J W Hendricks1, John DE Brabander, Frans G van Der Horst
1Department of General Practice, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands. theo.hendricks@hag.unimaas.nl
Summary
Refractive errors like myopia and astigmatism are common in children and linked to headaches. This study found a small but significant association between refractive error and headache complaints in 11-13 year olds.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatrics
- Neurology
Background:
- Headaches are a common complaint in children.
- Refractive error (RE) is a potential, yet understudied, cause of headaches in pediatric populations.
- Understanding the relationship between RE and headaches is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between habitual refractive error (sphere and astigmatism) and headache complaints in children aged 11-13 years.
- To determine if specific components of refractive error correlate with headache frequency, intensity, duration, or burden.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 487 children aged 11-13 years.
- Habitual refractive state measured using an autorefractometer.
- Headache complaints assessed via a standardized questionnaire.
- Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation, bivariate analysis, and multiple logistic regression.
Main Results:
- 70% of children reported headaches in the past year, with significant proportions experiencing frequent, severe, long-lasting, or burdensome headaches.
- A statistically significant association was found between the sphere component of RE and headache complaints in girls.
- The cylinder component of RE showed a statistically significant association with headache complaints in boys.
Conclusions:
- Refractive errors and headaches are prevalent in schoolchildren.
- Habitual refractive error is a potential risk factor for headaches in children.
- Gender-specific associations highlight the importance of considering both refractive error and gender in pediatric headache evaluations.
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