Isolation and characterization of a novel simazine-degrading beta-proteobacterium and detection of genes encoding s-triazine-degrading enzymes

A moderately persistent herbicide, simazine, has been used globally and detected as a contaminant in soil and water. The authors have isolated a simazine-degrading bacterium from a simazine-degrading bacterial consortium that was enriched using charcoal as a microhabitat. The isolate, strain CDB21, was gram-negative, rod-shaped (0.5-0.6 microm x 1.0-1.2 microm) and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strain CDB21 was identified as a novel beta-proteobacterium exhibiting 100% sequence identity with the uncultured bacterium HOClCi25 (GenBank accession number AY328574). PCR using primers that were specific for the genes of the atrazine-degrading enzymes (atzABCDEF) of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP showed that strain CDB21 also possessed the entire set of genes of these enzymes. Nucleotide sequences of the atzCDEF genes of strain CDB21 were 100% identical to those of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. Sequence identity of the atzA genes between these bacteria was 99.7%. The 398-nucleotide upstream fragment of the atzB gene of strain CDB21 was 100% identical to ORF30 of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, and the 1526-nucleotide downstream fragment showed 99.8% sequence similarity to the atzB gene of the pseudomonad.