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Updated: Jul 16, 2026
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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
Published on: May 23, 2025
Sustained release cyclosporine therapy for bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a red wolf (Canis rufus)
Anne E Acton1, A Brady Beale, Brian C Gilger
1Environmental Medicine Consortium, Department of Clinical Sciences, 4700 Hillsborough Street, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA.
Abstract:
A 12-yr-old intact male red wolf (Canis rufus) diagnosed with bilateral idiopathic dry eye was treated with subconjunctival drug delivery implants designed to release therapeutic levels of cyclosporine from 12-24 mo. Normal tear production and corneal health has been maintained, alleviating the need for daily handling of the animal for topical medication.
