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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Published on: August 27, 2019

Electrical activity during the 2006 Mount St. Augustine volcanic eruptions.

R J Thomas¹, P R Krehbiel, W Rison

¹Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA. thomas@nmt.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 27, 2007

Summary

Volcanic eruptions can generate lightning through two distinct electrical phases: an explosive ejection of charged material and subsequent in-plume discharges. These findings shed light on volcanic electrical phenomena.

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Area of Science:

Geophysics
Atmospheric science
Volcanology

Background:

Volcanic eruptions are complex phenomena with poorly understood electrical aspects.
Lightning generation within volcanic plumes has been observed but not fully characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electrical activity associated with volcanic eruptions.
To differentiate the modes and characteristics of lightning during an eruption.

Main Methods:

Utilized radio frequency time-of-arrival (RF TOA) measurements.
Employed interferometer measurements to analyze electrical discharges.
Observed electrical activity during a Mount St. Augustine eruption.

Main Results:

Identified two distinct phases of electrical activity during the eruption.
Phase 1: Explosive ejection of positively charged volcanic ejecta with disorganized discharges and simple lightning.
Phase 2: Conventional lightning within the volcanic plume, with delayed onset and downwind propagation, suggesting in situ charging.

Conclusions:

Volcanic eruptions exhibit complex electrical behavior with at least two distinct modes.
The electrical activity shares similarities with thunderstorm electrification processes.
Further research is needed to fully understand in situ charging mechanisms in volcanic plumes.