Immune and nutrition status in elderly Koreans with hyperLDL-cholesterolemia

Although the effects of nutrition and immune status on disease development have been investigated, little attention has been given to changes in immune function in the elderly vulnerable to coronary artery disease (CAD). Our objective was to evaluate the association between immune variables and CAD risk factors, and nutritional factors related to immune and lipid profiles in elderly Koreans (n = 90). The subjects were divided into three groups based on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level: risk (> or = 160 mg/dL), borderline (130-160 mg/dL), and control groups (< 130 mg/dL). Concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation rate and interleukin (IL)-2 secretion were significantly lower in the risk group than the control group. The subjects in the risk group showed the highest serum concentrations of proinflammatory mediators such as complement 3 (C3), IL-1beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). The nutrient intake status of the subjects was generally satisfactory without differences among groups. IL-1RA concentration was negatively associated with intake of vitamin E and C3 was positively related to intake of Ca and Fe in the subjects with LDL-cholesterol > or = 130 mg/dL. This study suggests that elderly individuals with high serum LDL-cholesterol are in a mild chronic inflammation state and micronutrient status such as vitamin E, Ca, and Fe may relate to this state.