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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
Published on: September 26, 2011
[Immigration and HIV-1 infection: clinical manifestations, subtypes and evolution of 78 patients attended during the
M Eulalia Valencia Ortega1, Africa Holguín Fernández, Victoria Moreno Celda
1Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, España.
Background And Objective:
To analyse the characteristics and HIV-1 subtype in a group of HIV+ hospitalised immigrants in our Infectious Diseases Unit.
Patients And Method:
Clinical reports of 78 immigrants HIV+ were reviewed. HIV-1 subtyping was carried out examining the protease and transcriptase genes by phylogenetic analysis. Statistical study was done by SPSS 11.0 program.
Results:
57% of patients come from sub-Saharian Africa. Mainly they had been infected by heterosexual contact. HIV was diagnosed at the hospitalisation time in 35 cases. Only 28% were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy and 48,7% had CD4+ cells less than 200/microl. The more frequent diagnosed diseases were: tuberculosis (20.5%), candidiasis (24.4%), bacterial pneumonia (19.2%) and malaria (21.8%). HIV-1 subtype B was isolated in 26 patients, none Africans. Twenty nine individuals (52.8%) were infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. Relationship between HIV-1 subtype, immunodepression, diagnosed diseases and origin countries was not found apart from malaria.
Conclusions:
Most HIV-1 infected immigrants are from Africa, being predominantly infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. No relationship between HIV subtype and diagnosed diseases was found.
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