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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

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Analyzing the Effects of Stromal Cells on the Recruitment of Leukocytes from Flow
11:30

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Published on: January 7, 2015

Targeting stromal cells in chronic inflammation.

Andrew Filer1, Karim Raza, Mike Salmon

  • 1Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Center for Immune Regulation, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Discovery Medicine
|March 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation, like in rheumatoid arthritis, persists due to stromal cell roles, not just lymphocytes. Targeting these stromal cells offers new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Published on: September 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, present a persistent challenge in understanding their underlying mechanisms.
  • Existing models primarily focus on lymphocyte (B cells and T cells) responses to antigens, often failing to identify causative agents.
  • Recent research highlights the crucial role of stromal cells in transitioning acute inflammation to chronic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of stromal cells in the persistence of chronic inflammatory reactions.
  • To explore the potential of targeting the stromal microenvironment for therapeutic interventions in chronic inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on inflammatory processes.
  • Analysis of recent studies implicating stromal cells in chronic inflammation.
  • Comparison of therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment and their potential application to inflammatory diseases.

Main Results:

  • Stromal cells, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, are critical in maintaining chronic inflammation.
  • These cells mediate the transition from acute, self-resolving inflammation to persistent disease states.
  • Therapeutic approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment have shown success and suggest similar potential for inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Stromal cells play a pivotal role in the chronicity of inflammatory conditions.
  • Modulating the stromal microenvironment presents a promising avenue for novel therapies.
  • Targeting stromal cells could lead to improved management of chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.