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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Hemoglobin switch in the newborn: a flow cytometry analysis.

Ilana Amoyal1, Eitan Fibach

  • 1Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

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The switch from fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to adult hemoglobin (Hb) production after birth involves a decrease in HbF-containing red blood cells and reticulocytes. This HbF decline is influenced by age, suggesting biological clock and environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Hemoglobin (Hb) production shifts from fetal Hb (HbF) to adult Hbs post-birth.
  • Reactivation of HbF is observed in sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia, improving clinical outcomes.
  • Understanding this switch is crucial for basic science and developing HbF-stimulating drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the frequency and HbF content of HbF-containing red blood cells (F-RBC) and reticulocytes (F-retics) after birth.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing the developmental switch in hemoglobin production.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze blood samples from neonates, infants, and adults.
  • Phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-human HbF antibodies and thiazol-orange dye were employed for staining.
  • F-RBC and F-retics were differentiated by thiazol-orange fluorescence, and HbF content was quantified by phycoerythrin fluorescence intensity.

Main Results:

  • The frequency of both F-RBC and F-retics decreased with time after birth.
  • F-RBC generally had a higher percentage but lower HbF content compared to F-retics.
  • A gradual decline in HbF content was observed in both F-RBC and F-retics with increasing age.

Conclusions:

  • Two models explain the observed changes: (A) Homogeneous stem cells with gradual transcriptional pattern shifts, or (B) Heterogeneous stem cells with age-dependent activation of varying HbF potentials.
  • Both models propose that a biological clock and environmental factors induce these changes in HbF production.