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Genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis E virus.

Hiroaki Okamoto1

  • 1Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi-Ken 329-0498, Japan. hokamoto@jichi.ac.jp

Virus Research
|March 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes liver inflammation, often through contaminated water. This review explores HEV

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the sole member of the genus Hepevirus, family Hepeviridae.
  • HEV is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, causing water-borne epidemics in developing nations with poor sanitation.
  • Increasing evidence points to domestic HEV occurrence in industrialized countries, with animal reservoirs (pigs, wild boars) highlighting zoonotic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Hepatitis E virus.
  • To detail HEV's genomic variability, geographic distribution, and zoonotic aspects.
  • To discuss the clinical significance of HEV genotypes and viral evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Hepatitis E virus.
  • Analysis of genomic variability and geographic distribution of HEV isolates.
  • Examination of zoonotic transmission routes and clinical implications of HEV genotypes.

Main Results:

  • HEV strains are classified into four genotypes (1-4) based on genomic variability.
  • Genotype 1: Epidemic strains in Asia and Africa.
  • Genotype 2: Found in Mexico and some African countries.
  • Genotype 3: Widely distributed, isolated from sporadic hepatitis E cases and pigs globally (excluding Africa).
  • Genotype 4: Strains isolated from humans and pigs exclusively in Asia.
  • Hepatitis E is recognized as a zoonosis with significant public health implications.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E virus exhibits significant genomic diversity, influencing its geographic distribution and transmission.
  • The zoonotic potential of HEV, particularly from domestic pigs, is a critical factor in industrialized nations.
  • Understanding HEV genotypes and their evolution is crucial for clinical management and public health strategies.

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