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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
Published on: April 6, 2017
Abstract:
Over 2 million people in the UK have diabetes mellitus, of whom around 20% have type 1 and 80% type 2 disease. A key aim of treatment is to optimise glycaemic control to minimise symptoms, prevent complications and extend survival. To these ends, subcutaneous insulin is used to manage all patients with type 1 diabetes and some patients with type 2 diabetes. Another potential route of administering insulin is by inhalation. Exubera (Pfizer), the first licensed inhaled insulin in the UK, is promoted as "the new look of insulin" and as maintaining "long-term glycaemic control". What does it offer in the management of patients with diabetes?
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