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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
Published on: July 11, 2015
Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity
Jeffery A Carroll1, Neil E Forsberg
1USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA. jacarroll@lbk.ars.usda.gov
Abstract:
Today, the scientific community readily embraces the fact that stress and nutrition impact every physiologic process in the body. At last, the specific mechanisms by which stress and nutrition affect the immune function are being elucidated. The debate among animal scientists concerning the definition and quantification of stress as it relates to animal productivity and well-being is ongoing. However, an increased appreciation and understanding of the effects of stress on livestock production has emerged throughout the scientific community and with livestock producers. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of the general concepts of stress and immunology, and to review the effects of stress and nutrition on the immune system of cattle.
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