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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
An unusual cause of 'ptosis'
Eric W L Wee1, Shirley B S Ooi
1Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore.
Abstract:
A 29-year-old man with a history of dental restoration procedure was referred for a left Bell's palsy. At the emergency department, he complained instead of deteriorating unilateral ptosis and dysphagia. Incidentally, trismus was also noted. He was diagnosed with cephalic tetanus, which rapidly progressed to generalized tetanus. Ptosis is an unusual presenting complaint of tetanus. In this case, we attempt to explain how facial weakness, ptosis, and cephalic tetanus are all related. We also highlight the key aspects of tetanus in relation to the emergency physician.
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