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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
09:43

Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement

Published on: November 7, 2017

Magnetization evolution in balanced steady-state free precession with continuously moving table.

Randall B Stafford1, Mohammad Sabati, Houman Mahallati

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|April 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Continuously moving table (CMT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables large field-of-view scans for systemic disorders. This study models bSSFP for CMT, identifying maximum table speeds to maintain image quality.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement
09:43

Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement

Published on: November 7, 2017

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Diagnostic imaging of systemic disorders requires large fields-of-view (FOV) beyond clinical MR scanner capabilities.
  • The continuously moving table (CMT) method enables large FOV imaging in a single acquisition.
  • Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) offers short repetition time and high SNR, making it suitable for CMT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate bSSFP magnetization evolution under table motion for CMT.
  • To predict maximum table velocities for achieving theoretical steady-state magnetization.
  • To validate simulation predictions with in vivo bSSFP CMT acquisitions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a computer model to simulate bSSFP magnetization evolution with table motion.
  • Simulation-based prediction of maximum allowable table velocities.
  • In vivo experimental verification of predicted velocities using bSSFP CMT.

Main Results:

  • Simulations predicted maximum table velocities for specific tissue magnetizations to reach steady-state.
  • In vivo bSSFP CMT acquisitions validated these predictions.
  • Satisfactory CMT images were obtained with table velocities < 2 cm/s for FOV ≤ 35 cm.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computer model accurately predicts bSSFP behavior during CMT acquisitions.
  • Table velocity is a critical parameter for maintaining image quality in bSSFP CMT.
  • Speeds below 2 cm/s are recommended for satisfactory bSSFP CMT imaging within a 35 cm FOV.