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Dissociative tendencies and memory performance on directed-forgetting tasks.

Grant J Devilly1, Joseph Ciorciari, Amy Piesse

  • 1Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia. gdevilly@swin.edu.au

Psychological Science
|April 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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This study failed to replicate findings that high dissociators recall trauma words differently. Researchers observed general memory fallibility in high dissociators, challenging betrayal trauma theory.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Betrayal trauma theory suggests individuals with high dissociation recall trauma-related words differently than neutral words.
  • Previous studies by DePrince and Freyd (2001, 2004) indicated differential recall based on dissociation levels and cognitive load.
  • Replication is crucial for validating psychological theories and findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate the findings of DePrince and Freyd (2001, 2004) regarding memory recall differences between high and low dissociators.
  • To investigate whether cognitive load influences the differential recall of neutral and trauma words in individuals with varying dissociation levels.
  • To examine the support for betrayal trauma theory through memory recall paradigms.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Two independent studies were conducted to replicate previous research.
  • Participants were categorized as high or low dissociators.
  • Memory recall was assessed using free recall and word recognition tasks under varying cognitive load conditions.
  • Neutral and trauma-related words were used in the memory tasks.

Main Results:

  • The expected differential recall of neutral and trauma words based on dissociation levels was not found.
  • This lack of replication was consistent across both free recall and word recognition measures in both studies.
  • High dissociators exhibited increased memory fallibility, indicated by lower general recall and commission errors in one study.
  • Little evidence was found to support the specific predictions of betrayal trauma theory regarding differential word recall.

Conclusions:

  • The current studies failed to replicate the key findings of DePrince and Freyd (2001, 2004).
  • The results suggest that betrayal trauma theory, in its current form concerning differential word recall, may require revision.
  • Increased memory fallibility in high dissociators was observed, highlighting a potential area for further research in trauma and memory.