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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Formation of Thick Dense Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Using Aerosol Deposition
10:52

Formation of Thick Dense Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Using Aerosol Deposition

Published on: May 15, 2015

On-line characterization of YBCO coated conductors using Raman spectroscopy methods.

V A Maroni1, J L Reeves, G Schwab

  • 1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA. maroni@cmt.anl.gov

Applied Spectroscopy
|April 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy now monitors the production of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) superconducting films on moving tapes. This method identifies film quality and impurities, enabling process control for improved superconductor manufacturing.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Formation of Thick Dense Yttrium Iron Garnet Films Using Aerosol Deposition
10:52

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Published on: May 15, 2015

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
15:08

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Published on: September 20, 2012

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates
06:49

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Superconducting Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) thin films are crucial for advanced applications.
  • On-line monitoring during production is essential for quality control and process optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first use of Raman spectroscopy for on-line monitoring of YBCO thin film production.
  • To develop a methodology for acquiring Raman spectra from YBCO on moving tapes.
  • To assess the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy for real-time quality assessment and process feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Raman spectroscopy to analyze YBCO thin films on moving metal tapes post-metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition (MOCVD).
  • Developed a baseline correction method for spectra obtained from moving samples.
  • Investigated the impact of laser focusing on spectral quality, identifying optimal out-of-focus conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully obtained Raman spectra revealing YBCO phonons, impurities, and texture.
  • Distinguished between properly textured films and those with misoriented grains.
  • Identified optical speckle effects from reflective surfaces and optimized measurement by maintaining a slightly out-of-focus condition.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy is a viable technique for on-line monitoring of YBCO thin film production.
  • The method can identify critical quality indicators, including texture and impurities.
  • Potential exists for adapting data processing for automated defect tagging and feedback control to the MOCVD process.