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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
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Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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[Eosinophilic esophagitis].

Alfredo J Lucendo1

  • 1Sección de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan-Manzanares, Ciudad Real, España. alucendo@vodafone.es

Medicina Clinica
|April 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic esophagitis involves eosinophil buildup in the esophagus due to antigen sensitization. Treatments focus on antigen control, dilation, and anti-eosinophilic drugs like topical steroids to reduce inflammation and improve function.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathophysiology

Context:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the esophagus.
  • It is characterized by dense eosinophil infiltration, driven by local reactions to various antigens.
  • The disease involves a complex interplay of immune cells and mediators.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying eosinophilic esophagitis.
  • To highlight the role of antigen sensitization and T-helper cell responses (Th2 and Th1).
  • To discuss diagnostic considerations and therapeutic strategies for EoE.

Summary:

  • EoE results from a localized esophageal immune response to sensitized antigens, involving eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and potentially immunoglobulin E.
  • Key symptoms include dysphagia and food impaction, linked to endoscopic and manometric findings.
  • Antigen exposure triggers eosinophil and mast cell degranulation, damaging the esophageal epithelium and affecting motility.

Impact:

  • Understanding EoE's pathophysiology aids in identifying responsible allergens through IgE-mediated and cell-mediated testing.
  • Therapeutic approaches include antigen avoidance, endoscopic dilation, and anti-eosinophilic medications.
  • Topical steroids are effective in restoring esophageal histology, motility, and reducing inflammation in EoE patients.