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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

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Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

Protein metabolism and endurance exercise.

Martin J Gibala1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. gibalam@mcmaster.ca

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|May 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged endurance exercise impacts protein turnover, but its effect on protein oxidation and dietary needs is unclear. Endurance training reduces acute protein turnover and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation during exercise.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prolonged endurance exercise affects whole-body protein turnover, including synthesis and degradation.
  • Skeletal muscle's high energy demand during exercise increases branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation, potentially impacting fuel provision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether prolonged endurance exercise increases net protein oxidation and dietary protein requirements.
  • To examine the effects of endurance training on protein metabolism and BCAA oxidation during exercise.
  • To assess the influence of nutritional status, particularly carbohydrate availability, on exercise-induced protein metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of whole-body protein turnover (synthesis and degradation) in response to prolonged exercise.
  • Measurement of skeletal muscle branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation rates.

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  • Evaluation of the impact of endurance training status on exercise-induced metabolic changes.
  • Assessment of nutritional status, including carbohydrate availability, and its effect on protein metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • Endurance training attenuates the acute exercise-induced increase in whole-body protein turnover and skeletal muscle BCAA oxidation at a given intensity.
    • Maximal capacity for skeletal muscle BCAA oxidation is enhanced by endurance training.
    • High carbohydrate availability is generally linked to reduced net protein utilization during exercise.
    • Protein and carbohydrate ingestion improves net protein balance during exercise and recovery compared to carbohydrate alone.

    Conclusions:

    • While exercise affects protein turnover, its direct impact on net protein oxidation and increased protein requirements remains debated.
    • Endurance training modifies the body's response to exercise, reducing acute protein turnover but increasing the capacity for BCAA oxidation.
    • Nutritional strategies, such as combined protein and carbohydrate intake, can positively influence protein balance during and after exercise, though their long-term adaptive effects require further study.