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Superior temporal gyrus, language function, and autism.

Erin D Bigler1, Sherstin Mortensen, E Shannon Neeley

  • 1Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA. erin_bigler@byu.edu

Developmental Neuropsychology
|May 10, 2007
PubMed
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Autism is linked to language deficits. This study found that the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in individuals with autism shows different relationships with language abilities compared to controls, suggesting potential lateralization issues.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

  • Language deficits are a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • The superior temporal gyrus (STG) plays a crucial role in auditory processing, language, and social cognition.
  • Understanding the neuroanatomical basis of language in ASD is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the size of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and intellectual-language abilities in individuals with autism compared to neurotypical controls.
  • To explore potential differences in brain structure-function relationships related to language development in autism.
  • To examine the lateralization of language function involving the STG in autism.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure STG volumes in 30 subjects with autism and 39 controls (aged 7-19).
  • Intellectual ability was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III).
  • Language abilities were evaluated using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Third Edition (CELF-3).

    • Main Results:

    • Intellectual and language abilities were strongly correlated in both autism and control groups.
    • In controls, STG volume positively correlated with language abilities, particularly receptive language.
    • In contrast, this correlation was absent in the autism group, suggesting altered STG-language relationships and potential left hemisphere lateralization deficits for language in autism.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest atypical development or function of the superior temporal gyrus in individuals with autism.
    • There may be a failure in the typical left-hemisphere lateralization of language functions involving the STG in autism.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these observed differences and their impact on language development in autism.