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Plakins in development and disease.

Arnoud Sonnenberg1, Ronald K H Liem

  • 1Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Inst., Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.sonnenberg@nki.nl

Experimental Cell Research
|May 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Plakins are large proteins that organize the cytoskeleton and connect it to cell junctions. This review details various plakin types, their functions in different tissues, and their evolutionary relationships.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plakins are large, multi-domain proteins crucial for cytoskeletal organization and cell junction integrity.
  • Initially identified in epithelial cells, plakins link intermediate filaments to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.
  • Their roles extend to muscle cell integrity and complex functions within the nervous system, including cross-linking microtubules and actin filaments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse family of plakin proteins.
  • To describe specific mammalian plakins, including desmoplakin, plectin, envoplakin, periplakin, Bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1), and microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1).
  • To explore the evolutionary relationships between mammalian and invertebrate plakins.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature review of existing research on plakin proteins.
  • Analysis of protein structure, function, and tissue-specific expression.
  • Comparative analysis of plakin evolution across different species.

Main Results:

  • Mammals possess seven distinct plakin types, many with alternatively spliced isoforms, suggesting specialized tissue functions.
  • BPAG1 and MACF1 are mammalian plakins with multiple isoforms, exhibiting complex roles in different tissues.
  • Invertebrates like Drosophila and C. elegans have a single plakin, resembling more complex mammalian forms, highlighting evolutionary conservation and divergence.

Conclusions:

  • Plakins are essential cytoskeletal organizers with diverse and specialized functions across different organisms and tissues.
  • The plakin family, including BPAG1 and MACF1, demonstrates significant complexity due to alternative splicing and evolutionary adaptations.
  • Understanding plakin diversity and function is key to comprehending cellular architecture and tissue integrity.