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Updated: Jul 14, 2026
Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
Published on: October 10, 2025
Histological evaluation of oral implants inserted with different surgical techniques into the trabecular bone of
Manal M Shalabi1, Johannes G C Wolke, Anja J E de Ruijter
1Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of implant surface topography and surgical technique on bone response.
Material And Methods:
For the experiment, 48 screw-designed implants were used with two different surface finishes, i.e. machined and 'blasted, etched'. The implants were inserted into the left and right medial femoral condyle of eight goats using three different surgical approaches: press-fit (implant diameter=implant bed diamete(r), undersized (implant bed diameter
Results:
Light microscopy revealed that in general, the bone response to all implants was very similar. On the other hand, histomorphometry suggested that the bone-to-implant contact for the 'blasted, etched' implants inserted by an undersized technique was higher compared with machined implants and the other surgical approaches, but the observed differences were not significant. Bone mass measurements did not reveal the occurrence of clear differences between groups and surgical approaches.
Conclusion:
Supported by our findings, we conclude that implants provided with a 'blasted, etched' surface and installed in trabecular bone using an undersized preparation technique appear to support an enhanced bone-implant contact. The use of an osteotome technique did not lead to improved results.
