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Related Experiment Videos

Age differences in deactivation: a link to cognitive control?

Jonas Persson1, Cindy Lustig, James K Nelson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|June 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Aging affects the brain's default mode network, impacting resource allocation during cognitive tasks. Older adults show reduced sensitivity to task demands compared to younger adults, suggesting age-related declines in cognitive control.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Functional imaging reveals a 'default mode' network active during rest.
  • Task engagement can lead to deactivation of this network as resources are reallocated.
  • Aging is associated with changes in deactivation patterns, potentially due to resource limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the magnitude and temporal dynamics of deactivation.
  • To examine how varying levels of cognitive control demand influence deactivation in young and older adults.
  • To explore the relationship between deactivation patterns and task performance across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of two verb generation tasks with differing selection demands against word reading and fixation baseline.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Functional neuroimaging to measure brain activity (deactivation) in young and older adults.
  • Analysis of deactivation magnitude and time course in relation to task demand and age.

    • Main Results:

    • Deactivation magnitude increased with task demand across both age groups.
    • Young and older adults exhibited similar deactivations under minimal task demand.
    • Age-related differences in deactivation magnitude and time course emerged with increasing demand, with older adults showing less sensitivity.
    • Demand-related deactivation changes correlated with performance, indicating functional significance.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive control demands modulate default mode network deactivation, with age-related differences becoming more pronounced under higher demand.
    • Older adults demonstrate a reduced ability to disengage from the default mode network in response to increasing cognitive load.
    • These findings highlight age-related alterations in cognitive resource allocation and their impact on brain function and behavior.