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Optimum parallel-face slanted surface-relief gratings.

Jonathan S Maikisch1, Thomas K Gaylord

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Microelectronics Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA.

Applied Optics
|June 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Optimized parallel-face slanted surface-relief gratings (PFSSRGs) achieve high diffraction efficiencies (70-99%) for optical interconnects. These gratings, made of polymer or silicon, offer robust performance for TE and TM polarizations.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Substrate-mode optical interconnects are crucial for high-speed data transmission.
  • Efficient diffractive optical elements are needed to manage light propagation in these interconnects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize parallel-face slanted surface-relief gratings (PFSSRGs) for substrate-mode optical interconnects.
  • To present feasible grating profiles for both polymer and silicon substrates.
  • To analyze performance across different polarizations and materials.

Main Methods:

  • Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) was employed for precise optical simulation.
  • Simulated annealing was used as an optimization algorithm to find optimal grating parameters.
  • Grating profiles were designed for a 45-degree output angle at normal incidence.

Main Results:

  • Diffraction efficiencies ranging from 70% to 99% were achieved, with most profiles exceeding 90%.
  • Optimized polymer PFSSRGs showed similar high efficiencies for TE and TM polarizations, though TM required greater depths.
  • Silicon PFSSRGs optimized for TM polarization yielded higher efficiencies than TE.
  • Identified profiles demonstrated modest sensitivity to fabrication variations.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized PFSSRGs are highly effective for substrate-mode optical interconnects.
  • Both polymer and silicon gratings offer excellent performance, with specific advantages for TM polarization in silicon.
  • The identified designs are practical for fabrication with acceptable tolerance to variations.