Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
Published on: April 9, 2012
[Tuberculosis caused by XDR resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Poland. Microbiological and molecular analysis]
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć1, Zofia Zwolska
1Zakład Mikrobiologii Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc w Warszawie. e.kopec@igichp.edu.pl
Introduction:
The retrospective analysis of frequency of drug resistant tuberculosis XDR (XDR = MDR + resistance to: fluoroquinolones + amikacin and/or capreomycin) in Poland have been tested.
Material And Methods:
Pattern of resistance to first, second and third line drugs has been tested among new and treated patients. The total number of 10 913 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from the same number of the patients surveyed in 1997-2004 in WHO programme Drug resistance surveillance countrywide study.
Results:
One HIV-negative patient (43 years old men) was infected by XDR (0,4% among new and treated MDR cases). Molecular analysis of the XDR strain by spoligotyping has been shown the T11558 cluster. Three others tuberculosis patients living in the same region of Poland excreted the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains belonged to the same T11558 cluster, but they had not pattern of XDR resistance. In the same T11558 molecular cluster 13/15 - 87% strains have been isolated from polish patients.
Conclusions:
In Poland Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to fluoroquinolones, capreomycin and amikacine among MDR strains has been observed very rarely.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
