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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

[Urticaria and angioedema].

J Guillén Escalón¹, M A Vargas Rosas, E Mendoza Magaña

¹Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología Clinica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez.

Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)

|June 5, 2007

Summary

Urticaria, a diverse skin condition, presents varied subtypes due to incomplete understanding of triggers and mechanisms. This review offers updated insights into urticaria diagnosis and treatment for medical professionals.

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology
Pathophysiology

Context:

Urticaria encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse skin reactions.
The variety of urticaria subtypes indicates a limited understanding of underlying causes and mechanisms.
Current knowledge gaps exist in the molecular and cellular processes involved in urticaria's physiopathology.

Purpose:

To conduct an extensive literature review on urticaria.
To provide comprehensive and updated information on urticaria's basic, etiologic, and physiopathologic mechanisms.
To emphasize the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria, supporting continuous medical education.

Summary:

This review synthesizes current knowledge on urticaria, addressing its diverse presentations and underlying mechanisms.
It details the etiologic factors and physiopathologic pathways implicated in various urticaria subtypes.
The article provides an in-depth focus on diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for managing urticaria.

Impact:

Enhances understanding of urticaria's complex nature for healthcare providers.
Facilitates improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment selection for urticaria patients.
Contributes to the continuous medical education of professionals managing allergic skin conditions.