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Gynecomastia.

Harmeet Singh Narula1, Harold E Carlson

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Health Sciences Center, T15-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8154, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|June 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Gynecomastia, a common condition, often resolves spontaneously. Medical therapies like antiestrogens or surgery can manage persistent or symptomatic cases resulting from hormonal imbalances.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • General Surgery

Background:

  • Gynecomastia is a frequent clinical finding, often presenting without symptoms.
  • Distinguishing gynecomastia from breast malignancy is crucial.
  • Many cases resolve without intervention, necessitating careful observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approach for gynecomastia.
  • To discuss management strategies for gynecomastia.
  • To differentiate benign gynecomastia from serious underlying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical history and physical examination are primary diagnostic tools.
  • Limited laboratory investigations aid in excluding other diseases.
  • Assessment focuses on identifying hormonal imbalances and ruling out malignancy.

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Main Results:

  • Most gynecomastia cases do not require extensive investigation and may resolve spontaneously.
  • Hormonal imbalance (androgenic/estrogenic) is the typical cause.
  • Exclusion of malignancy and systemic disease is achieved through clinical assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Gynecomastia often requires only clinical observation due to its common spontaneous resolution.
  • Medical management involves addressing hormonal imbalances with antiestrogens, androgens, or aromatase inhibitors.
  • Surgical intervention is reserved for refractory or symptomatic long-standing cases.