Language disorders: autism and other pervasive developmental disorders.

Area of Science:

• Developmental Psychology
• Linguistics
• Pediatric Medicine

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication.
• Language and communication impairments are core features of ASD, significantly impacting affected children's development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current knowledge on language and communication impairments in children with autism spectrum disorder.
• To review language profiles across different age groups and discuss specific skill deficits.
• To provide clinical recommendations for screening and intervention.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current research on language and communication in autism spectrum disorder.
• Analysis of language profiles in toddlers, preschoolers, and school-aged children.
• Discussion of receptive, expressive, and pragmatic language skills.

Main Results:

• Language skills in autism spectrum disorder are highly variable, with significant challenges in pragmatic language being a hallmark.
• Impairments manifest differently across developmental stages, from early childhood to school age.
• Receptive and expressive language abilities show considerable diversity among individuals with ASD.

Conclusions:

• Pragmatic language deficits are a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.
• Pediatric screening for ASD and continuous monitoring of language difficulties are essential.
• Timely interventions are critical for improving communication in children with ASD.