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Phase manipulation and walking in stroke.

Matthew P Ford1, Robert C Wagenaar, Karl M Newell

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. mford@uab.edu

Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy : JNPT
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
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Individuals with stroke exhibit 1:1 frequency coordination between arm swing and stride during walking. Out-of-phase arm movements increase arm swing and trunk rotation, suggesting potential for gait rehabilitation.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability.
  • Altered movement patterns, including arm swing, are common after stroke.
  • Understanding upper and lower body coordination is crucial for gait recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of in-phase and out-of-phase arm movements on gait in stroke survivors.
  • To analyze upper and lower body movement patterns during walking under different arm movement conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Eight independent walkers with stroke participated.
  • Three walking speeds (0.22, 0.40, 0.63 m/s) were tested.
  • Conditions included normal arm swing, in-phase, and out-of-phase arm movements.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Out-of-phase arm movements resulted in greater arm swing and trunk rotation compared to in-phase.
  • Instructions for in-phase or out-of-phase arm movements led to 1:1 frequency coordination between arm and stride frequency.
  • Arm swing frequency synchronized with stride frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Altered arm swing in stroke survivors is influenced by a tendency towards 1:1 frequency coordination.
  • Future research should explore paretic arm movement effects on coordination and the potential of phase-based training for lasting functional improvements.