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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Environmental risk factors for essential tremor.

Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez1, María de Toledo-Heras, Hortensia Alonso-Navarro

  • 1Departamento de Medicina-Neurología, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España. fjimenez.hupa@salud.madrid.org

European Neurology
|June 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Essential tremor (ET) risk is linked to family history and environmental exposures like agricultural work and frosted glass. These factors were more prevalent in ET patients compared to controls in this case-control study.

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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder.
  • The role of environmental factors in ET etiology remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential association between environmental exposures and the risk of developing essential tremor.
  • To identify specific environmental factors that may contribute to ET development.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with 142 ET patients and 284 matched controls.
  • Data collected included family history, environmental exposures (lead, mercury, manganese, solvents, beta-carbolines, agricultural work, pesticides, well water), and lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol).
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Family history of ET, agricultural work, and exposure to "frosted glass" were significantly associated with ET in multivariate analysis.
  • Exposure to agricultural work, wheat, and barley showed a significantly higher time of exposure in ET patients.
  • Age at onset of ET was lower with a family history and higher with exposure to iron-manganese alloys and alcohol.

Conclusions:

  • A strong association exists between essential tremor and a reported family history of the condition.
  • Environmental factors, specifically agricultural work and exposure to "frosted glass," are also associated with an increased risk of essential tremor.
  • Exposure duration, rather than total consumption, correlated with age at onset for alcohol and cigarette use.