Magnetic resonance imaging in obstetrics

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Medical Imaging
• Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Ultrasonography is the standard for obstetric screening.
• Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for complex cases.
• MRI offers superior contrast, no ionizing radiation, and multiplanar imaging capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present the principles, practical aspects, and indications of MRI in obstetrics.
• To highlight MRI's role in diagnosing fetal anomalies and managing maternal-fetal conditions.
• To discuss MRI applications including fetal central nervous system malformations, placental issues, and acute abdominal conditions in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Review of principles and practical aspects of MRI in feto-maternal imaging.
• Discussion of clinical indications for MRI in obstetric care.
• Presentation of specific applications such as fetal anomaly detection and evaluation of maternal pathology.

Main Results:

• MRI is valuable for diagnosing fetal anomalies, including central nervous system malformations, diaphragmatic hernia, and gastroschisis.
• It assists in evaluating placental position (e.g., placenta previa) and maternal conditions like acute abdomen, hydronephrosis, and adnexal masses.
• MRI provides crucial information for prenatal counseling and management, complementing ultrasound findings.

Conclusions:

• Ultrasound remains the primary screening tool for fetal evaluation.
• Judicious use of ultrasound reduces the need for MRI.
• MRI serves as a valuable complementary imaging modality in specific obstetric scenarios.