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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

The cyclopean illusion unleashed.

Hiroshi Ono¹, Alistair P Mapp, Haruki Mizushina

¹Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ont., Canada M3J 1P3. hono@yorku.ca

Vision Research

|June 19, 2007

Summary

The cyclopean illusion, a visual shift during vergence changes, was re-examined. Contrary to prior reports, the illusion occurred with intermittent stimuli and monocular stimuli against random-dot backgrounds.

Area of Science:

Visual perception
Ophthalmology
Neuroscience

Background:

The cyclopean illusion describes the lateral shift of stationary visual stimuli during changes in eye vergence.
This phenomenon is typically explained by established rules of visual direction.
However, specific stimulus conditions have been anecdotally reported to negate this illusion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate three specific stimulus situations where the cyclopean illusion reportedly does not occur.
To reconcile discrepancies between existing literature and observed visual direction rules.

Main Methods:

Experiment 1: Examined the effect of afterimages on stimuli moving along the visual axis versus afterimages on a screen.
Experiment 2: Assessed the cyclopean illusion with intermittently presented visual stimuli.

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Experiment 3: Investigated the illusion using a monocular stimulus against a random-dot background.

Main Results:

An afterimage on a screen produced the cyclopean illusion, but an afterimage on a moving stimulus did not, contradicting previous findings.
The cyclopean illusion was observed with intermittently presented stimuli, contrary to prior reports.
A monocular stimulus against a random-dot background elicited the cyclopean illusion, also differing from previous literature.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the cyclopean illusion is more robust than previously suggested by specific stimulus conditions.
All experimental results align with and support the established rules of visual direction.
Re-evaluation of stimulus conditions is crucial for understanding the precise mechanisms of the cyclopean illusion.