Public knowledge, misperceptions, and attitudes about cancer in Saudi Arabia

We interviewed six hundred adults to assess their awareness, attitude and misperceptions about cancer. The mean age (+/- SD) was 31.2 (+/- 8.7) years. Fifty-six percent of the participants were males and 75% were Saudis. Nationality and having a relative who had cancer were found to be insignificant predictors of attained knowledge. Despite a minor difference between males' and females' performance, gender did not influence knowledge. Education was the most significant factor that influenced individuals' knowledge and misperceptions. The most significant difference was noted between those who had university or higher education (level III, 41%) and those who were illiterate or only had primary schooling (level I, 16%). The difference between level I and level II (secondary and high school, 43%) was less obvious. The analysis also showed that individuals who were > 30 years of age generally showed more knowledge and fewer misconceptions about cancer than younger participants. Age, however, together with education deviated only 5% in the variability of the total score. A high level of misperception was observed among all respondents specifically relating to questions regarding side effects of conventional therapy and statements about unproven treatment. This analysis demonstrated that knowledge about cancer was disappointingly poor and the level of misperceptions significantly high. Possessing higher academic credentials alone, is not sufficient to acquire an optimal standard of health knowledge. The data also suggest that there should be comprehensive cancer health education and primary and secondary cancer prevention programs in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, primary care physicians and community cancer centers should work jointly. Brief guidelines are proposed.