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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
14:48

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury

Published on: March 21, 2021

[Nitric oxide participation during amoebic liver abscess development].

Joel Ramirez-Emiliano1, Lerida Liss Flores-Villavicencio, Jose Segovia

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, México. joelramirez2244@hotmail.com

Medicina
|June 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide plays a key role in immunity against pathogens. This study investigates if excess nitric oxide production contributes to amoebic liver abscess development in humans, similar to hamsters.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
14:48

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury

Published on: March 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial molecule in the mammalian immune system, involved in combating pathogens like parasites.
  • Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, leads to intestinal damage and potentially amoebic liver abscesses.
  • Animal models show varying responses to amoebic liver abscess development, influenced by nitric oxide levels.

Purpose:

  • To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of amoebic liver abscess.
  • To investigate whether excessive nitric oxide production in humans could promote amoebic liver abscess formation, drawing parallels with hamster models.

Summary:

  • Mice are resistant to amoebic liver abscesses due to increased nitric oxide (NO) production.
  • Hamsters, unlike mice, develop amoebic liver abscesses, possibly due to excess NO production or heightened susceptibility to NO-induced damage.
  • This suggests a complex, potentially detrimental role for NO in amoebic liver abscess development under certain conditions.

Impact:

  • Understanding the role of nitric oxide (NO) in amoebiasis could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Findings may inform clinical approaches to treating or preventing amoebic liver abscesses in humans.
  • Highlights the need for further research into host-pathogen interactions and immune responses in parasitic infections.