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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids

Published on: June 28, 2019

Synthesis of vitamin E.

Thomas Netscher1

  • 1Research and Development, DSM Nutritional Products CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Vitamins and Hormones
|July 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review details the synthesis of vitamin E stereoisomers and homologues, focusing on methods for creating optically active forms like (2R,4

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vitamin E compounds, essential fat-soluble antioxidants derived from 6-chromanol, encompass tocopherols and tocotrienols.
  • The biological activity of vitamin E is closely linked to its stereoisomeric forms, with specific isomers exhibiting enhanced efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic strategies for various stereoisomeric forms and homologues of tocopherols and tocotrienols.
  • To highlight methods for preparing optically active vitamin E components, particularly the biologically significant (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of literature on the preparation of vitamin E starting materials, intermediates, and final products.
  • Application of asymmetric synthesis techniques, including optical resolution, chiral pool synthesis, and chiral auxiliaries (stoichiometric and catalytic).

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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS

Published on: December 27, 2013

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids
13:05

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Published on: June 28, 2019

PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS

Published on: December 27, 2013

  • Utilization of metal complexes, microorganisms, and enzymes in catalytic asymmetric synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed description of synthetic routes for industrially relevant (all-rac)-alpha-tocopherol via arene-aliphatic precursor coupling.
    • Presentation of diverse strategies for accessing chiral chroman and side-chain building blocks.
    • Inclusion of syntheses for various stereoisomers, mixtures, and beta-, gamma-, delta-tocopherol and tocotrienol homologues, along with interconversion methods.

    Conclusions:

    • A broad spectrum of asymmetric synthesis methods are applicable to the preparation of vitamin E stereoisomers and homologues.
    • Significant research efforts are focused on (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol due to its superior biological activity.
    • The literature provides a valuable resource for understanding and advancing the synthesis of diverse vitamin E forms.